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If two pages are very similar, and one should rel= canonical to the other, will the page authority pass from the page with rel= canonical to the target page?

Also, what happens when you a page rel=canonical's to itself?

They advertise themselves as the internet's oldest free searchable web directory.  The MozBar shows their homepage: http://www.galaxy.com/ with these stats...  PA: 77, mR:5.81, mT:6.59,  DA:93

These numbers seem good.  In order to get listed with them there's a $10 fee for a standard listing.  So I started wondering why they weren't hit by Panda/Penguin.

After searching SEOMoz and not finding any information that satisfied my curiosity I did a google search for "galaxy web directory". It doesn't show up on the first page.  To me this indicates a ban or penalty.  If it's penalized, why is Moz giving it such great numbers?

Also, are there any paid directories that would be worth the $$$?  I thought the answer was supposed to be automatically no these days, but I keep hearing that some Blackhat still works.  I don't like the idea, but if it's working I don't want to be missing out in the SERPs.

There are great tools like http://www.opensiteexplorer.org that will tell you all about the inbound links.  What about the more basic and easier question:  What outgoing links does this site have?

Unfortunately I don't have any data on that.

Back in November we published a press release.  It got picked up by 79 news sites.  Despite being a relatively small site, we saw zero visible change in SEO.  This was unusual, and I was considering making my own question about it.  Maybe it's something new?

You can see the PR here, it has pretty good PA on PRWeb by itself.  It should've made a noticeable impact somewhere, but it didn't.  http://www.prweb.com/releases/2012/11/prweb10180911.htm

There are great tools like http://www.opensiteexplorer.org that will tell you all about the inbound links.  What about the more basic and easier question:  What outgoing links does this site have?